Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Alterations in learning-related cortical activation and functional connectivity by high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation after stroke: an fNIRS study

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1189420

Figure Lengend Snippet: Study design. (A) Experimental paradigm. (B) Application of HD-tDCS. When a participant’s lesion was on the right side, the anode was placed on C4, and the cathodes were placed on C2, C6, FC4, and CP3. When a participant’s lesion was on the left side, the anode was placed on C3, and the cathodes were placed on C1, C5, FC3, and CP5. In the real HD-tDCS condition, a constant current was delivered at 1 mA for 20 min, with ramp-up and-down phases of 30 s. In the sham HD-tDCS condition, current was ramped up from 0 to 1 mA during the first 30 s, then ramp-down to 0 mA during the next 30 s, and remain at 0 mA for the next 20 min. (C) fNIRS measurement during the SFTT and the fNIRS topomap. A star appeared on the black screen for 600 ms, and then an empty black screen appeared for 400 ms after the star disappeared. HD-tDCS, high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation; fNIRS, functional near-infrared spectroscopy; SFTT, sequential finger tapping task; Nz, nasion; Iz, inion; LPA, left pre-auricular; RPA, right pre-auricular.

Article Snippet: The cortical activation map produced during the SFTT with the affected hand was analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis with the Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Statistical Parametric Mapping open-source software package (NIRS-SPM) ( ) implemented in MATLAB ® (MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, United States).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Spectroscopy

Journal: Brain Sciences

Article Title: Changes in Cortical Activity during Preferred and Fast Speed Walking under Single- and Dual-Tasks in the Young-Old and Old-Old Elderly

doi: 10.3390/brainsci11121551

Figure Lengend Snippet: Position of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurement optodes and channels. In the fNIRS channel arrangement, 22 sources and 21 detectors covered the cortical areas of the bilateral M1-leg, PM, SMA, S1, PPC, dlPFC, and vmPFC using 71 channels of interest. LPA, left pre-auricular points; RPA, right pre-auricular points; Nz, nasion; Iz, inion; M1-leg, primary leg motor cortex; PM, premotor area; SMA, supplementary motor area; S1, primary somatosensory cortex; PPC, posterior parietal cortex; dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; vmPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Article Snippet: fNIRS data were processed using the open-source software NIRS-SPM implemented in MATLAB ® (MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Spectroscopy